Gummere. The popular ballad

Today's free book is The popular ballad by Francis B. Gummere (1907). For the table of contents, check at the bottom of this post below the image.

The book is available at Hathi Trust (I have not checked for other online sources).


Table of Contents

Chapter I. The Ballad : Definition and Origins.

1. THE MEANING OF "POPULAR." — Minstrels and journalists — Definition by origins

2. COMMUNAL AUTHORSHIP. — Poetry of the People and Poetry of Art — The history of poetry conceived as a pyramid — Primitive chorals

3. COMMUNAL POETRY OTHER THAN BALLADS. —The question restated — The broken bridge — Early Germanic chronicle, lyric, epic — Improvisation — Records of communal song — Proof of origin so far incomplete

4. SPECIFIC MARKS OF THE BALLAD. — No primitive ballads preserved — Effect of oral tradition — Impersonality — The narrative test

5. THE BALLAD STRUCTURE. — Structure the essential fact — Other tests — Improvisation — Refrain — Situation to narrative — Dialogue

6. CHORAL AND EPIC ELEMENTS. — The split situation — Repetition — Ritual and myth — Origins in the dance — The epic process — The situation ballad

7. INCREMENTAL REPETITION AS FINAL PROOF OF POPULAR ORIGIN. — Situation and repetition — The relative-climax — Incremental repetition the original pattern of balladry

Chapter II. The Ballads: Classification.

1. THE OLDEST GROUPS. — Riddle ballads — Flytings —Domestic complications — Stolen brides — Ballads of the dance — Elopements

2. BALLADS OF KINSHIP. — Bewick and Graham — The mother-in-law — The filial relation — Jealousy — Adultery — Fidelity — The tragic conflict — The Braes of Yarrow — Betrayal — Child Waters

3. THE CORONACH AND BALLADS OF THE SUPERNATURAL. — Coronachs — Good-nights — Jonah ballads — Fairy ballads — Preternatural ballads — Transformation — Ghosts

4. LEGENDARY BALLADS. — Classical and sacred tradition — The Bitter Withy — Minstrel ballads and ribaldry — Humor — Ballads of the sea — Mary Hamilton

5. THE BORDER BALLADS. — Singing and saying — Border raids — Ballads of battle — Otterburn and Cheviot — Chronicle ballads

6. THE GREENWOOD BALLADS. — Outlaws — Robin Hood, his ballads and his epic

Chapter III. The Sources of the Ballads. Tradition — The problem of sources — Transmission and distribution — Coincidence or derivation to explain common traits? — Folklore in the ballads —  Stock phrases — Conventional elements — Fusion of ballads - Texts — Collectors — Editors — Forgers — Imitators — Original element

Chapter IV. The Worth of the Ballads. Cumulative appeal as opposed to individual suggestion — Taine's formula — Convention in balladry — Metre and diction — Figurative power — Nature — The objective note in balladry — Contrast with art — The characters of the ballad — Its final value — Tragedy to the fore — The voice of the people